EcchiShell v1.0

You In Here : //usr/share/perl5/pod/

Mass Deface are now in scalar context, Can't do C into a block that is optimized away, Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C changed when iterating over a list, C with no args behavior changed, B<-e> behavior fixed, C returns number of elements in resulting list, Some error messages differ, C honors subroutine args, Bugs removed =item Parsing Traps Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5, Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses on C, C followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref =item Numerical Traps Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops =item General data type traps Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning C to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of constants prohibited, C behavior changed, Variable Suicide =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context, C returns false value in scalar context if no caller present, Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C prototyped as C<($;@)> =item Precedence Traps LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of assignment, C requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:> precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented, C, C, C are regular named unary operators =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. C interpolates on either side, C attaches its state to the searched string, C used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails, C is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables in regular expressions, C matches only once, Failed matches don't reset the match variables =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls, Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C won't let you specify a filehandle =item OS Traps SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C appends correctly =item Interpolation Traps C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C requires protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C string passed to C will not find string terminator =item DBM Traps Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for C, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to exit immediately =item Unclassified Traps C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with LIMIT specified =back =back =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item use strict =item Looking at data and -w and v =item help =item Stepping through code =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS =item OUTPUT TIPS =item CGI =item GUIs =item SUMMARY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =back =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Where to find the perlfaq =item How to use the perlfaq =item How to contribute to the perlfaq =item What if my question isn't answered in the FAQ? =back =item TABLE OF CONTENTS perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking =item THE QUESTIONS =over 4 =item L: General Questions About Perl =item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl =item L: Programming Tools =item L: Data Manipulation =item L: Files and Formats =item L: Regular Expressions =item L: General Perl Language Issues =item L: System Interaction =item L: Web, Email and Networking =back =item CREDITS =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is Perl? =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? =item Which version of Perl should I use? =item What are Perl 4, Perl 5, or Perl 6? =item What is Perl 6? =item How stable is Perl? =item Is Perl difficult to learn? =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? =item Can I do [task] in Perl? =item When shouldn't I program in Perl? =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? =item What is a JAPH? =item How can I convince others to use Perl? L, L =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? =item How can I get a binary version of Perl? =item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter? =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? =item Where can I get information on Perl? L, L, L =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? L, L, L, L =item Where can I post questions? =item Perl Books =item Which magazines have Perl content? =item Which Perl blogs should I read? =item What mailing lists are there for Perl? =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? =item Where do I send bug reports? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I do (anything)? Basics, L - Perl data types, L - Perl pre-defined variables, L - Perl syntax, L - Perl operators and precedence, L - Perl subroutines, Execution, L - how to execute the Perl interpreter, L - Perl debugging, Functions, L - Perl builtin functions, Objects, L - Perl references and nested data structures, L - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), L - Perl objects, L - how to hide an object class in a simple variable, Data Structures, L - Perl references and nested data structures, L - Manipulating arrays of arrays in Perl, L - Perl Data Structures Cookbook, Modules, L - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), L - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones, Regexes, L - Perl regular expressions, L - Perl builtin functions>, L - Perl operators and precedence, L - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization), Moving to perl5, L - Perl traps for the unwary, L, Linking with C, L - Tutorial for writing XSUBs, L - XS language reference manual, L - Perl calling conventions from C, L - Introduction to the Perl API, L - how to embed perl in your C program, Various =item How can I use Perl interactively? =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system? =item How do I debug my Perl programs? =item How do I profile my Perl programs? =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Notepad++, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, Padre, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Vim, Vile, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, ConTEXT, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? =item Where can I get perl-mode or cperl-mode for emacs? X =item How can I use curses with Perl? =item How can I write a GUI (X, Tk, Gtk, etc.) in Perl? X X X X X X X X Tk, Wx, Gtk and Gtk2, Win32::GUI, CamelBones, Qt, Athena =item How can I make my Perl program run faster? =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? =item What's MakeMaker? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Data: Numbers =over 4 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? =item Why is int() broken? =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? =item How do I multiply matrices? =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? =item How can I output Roman numerals? =item Why aren't my random numbers random? =item How do I get a random number between X and Y? =back =item Data: Dates =over 4 =item How do I find the day or week of the year? =item How do I find the current century or millennium? =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? =item How can I find the Julian Day? =item How do I find yesterday's date? X X X X X X X X X X =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 or 2038 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back =item Data: Strings =over 4 =item How do I validate input? =item How do I unescape a string? =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? =item How do I expand function calls in a string? =item How do I find matching/nesting anything? =item How do I reverse a string? =item How do I expand tabs in a string? =item How do I reformat a paragraph? =item How can I access or change N characters of a string? =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? X X X X =item How can I split a [character]-delimited string except when inside [character]? =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? =item How do I extract selected columns from a string? =item How do I find the soundex value of a string? =item How can I expand variables in text strings? =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? =item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? There must be no space after the EE part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end of the opening token, You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag, There needs to be at least a line separator after the end token =back =item Data: Arrays =over 4 =item What is the difference between a list and an array? =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? =item How do I handle linked lists? =item How do I handle circular lists? X X X X X X =item How do I shuffle an array randomly? =item How do I process/modify each element of an array? =item How do I select a random element from an array? =item How do I permute N elements of a list? X X X X X X =item How do I sort an array by (anything)? =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over 4 =item How do I process an entire hash? =item How do I merge two hashes? X X X =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? =item How do I look up a hash element by value? =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? =item How can I always keep my hash sorted? X =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? =item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =item How can I check if a key exists in a multilevel hash? =item How can I prevent addition of unwanted keys into a hash? =back =item Data: Misc =over 4 =item How do I handle binary data correctly? =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? =item How do I define methods for every class/object? =item How do I verify a credit card checksum? =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? X X X X =item How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the beginning of a file? X =item How do I count the number of lines in a file? X X X =item How do I delete the last N lines from a file? X X =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? X<-i> X =item How can I copy a file? X X X =item How do I make a temporary file name? X =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? X X =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? X X X =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? X =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? X